AI Development Milestones Calendar

Event: Microsoft launches the Clippy office assistant.

Entity: Microsoft

Country: USA

Impact: Despite its poor user experience, it was a significant early attempt to integrate an AI interactive interface into mainstream commercial software.

Event: Geoffrey Hinton and others publish "A Fast Learning Algorithm for Deep Belief Nets," proposing the concept of "deep learning."

Entity: Academia (University of Toronto, etc.)

Country: Canada/USA

Impact: It initiated the revival of deep neural networks in the 21st century and is hailed as the beginning of the "deep learning revolution."

Event: IBM's Watson system defeats human champions on the American quiz show "Jeopardy!".

Entity: IBM

Country: USA

Impact: It demonstrated the powerful capabilities of AI in natural language understanding and knowledge retrieval, serving as a landmark public showcase for AI.

Event: The AlexNet model wins the ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge with an accuracy far surpassing the runner-up.

Entity: University of Toronto (Academic Research)

Country: Canada

Impact: It was the first to prove the immense advantage of deep convolutional neural networks in complex visual tasks, igniting the deep learning revolution in computer vision.

Event: Ian Goodfellow proposes Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs).

Entity: University of Montreal (Academic Research)

Country: Canada

Impact: It provided a novel training method for generative models, ushering in the era of AI-Generated Content (AIGC) and profoundly influencing the fields of image and video generation.

Event: OpenAI is founded.

Entity: OpenAI

Country: USA

Impact: As a non-profit AI research organization, its mission is to ensure that artificial general intelligence (AGI) benefits all of humanity, later becoming one of the most influential institutions in the AI field.

Event: Google DeepMind's AlphaGo defeats world Go champion Lee Sedol 4:1.

Entity: Google DeepMind

Country: UK/USA

Impact: Surpassing top human levels in the more complex game of Go, it broke many cognitive barriers in the AI field and sparked widespread global interest in AI technology.

Event: Google researchers publish the paper "Attention Is All You Need," proposing the Transformer architecture.

Entity: Google

Country: USA

Impact: This became the core foundation for all subsequent mainstream large language models (like GPT, BERT, etc.), representing a paradigm shift in the field of natural language processing.

Event: OpenAI releases GPT-1, a generative pre-trained model based on the Transformer architecture.

Entity: OpenAI

Country: USA

Impact: It laid the foundation for the GPT series of models and validated the feasibility of generating language models through large-scale pre-training.

Event: Deep learning frameworks PyTorch 1.0 and TensorFlow 2.0 are released, significantly improving ease of use.

Entity: Facebook AI Research (PyTorch) / Google (TensorFlow)

Country: USA

Impact: Greatly lowered the barrier to AI research and development, promoting the democratization and prosperity of AI research and applications.

Event: OpenAI releases the GPT-3 model with 175 billion parameters.

Entity: OpenAI

Country: USA

Impact: It demonstrated the astonishing capabilities of ultra-large-scale language models in few-shot learning and text generation, giving the industry a glimpse of the dawn of artificial general intelligence.

Event: OpenAI launches the DALL-E model, capable of generating images from text descriptions.

Entity: OpenAI

Country: USA

Impact: It marked the maturation of high-quality text-to-image generation technology, opening a new chapter in multimodal AI generation.

Event: A Georgetown University CSET report indicates that China and the US contributed 65% of highly cited AI research papers.

Entity: Georgetown University

Country: USA

Impact: The report revealed the global dominance and competitive landscape of China and the US in AI research, highlighting the strategic importance of AI as a frontier technology.

Event: Meta builds an AI supercomputer for the metaverse, the "AI Research SuperCluster (RSC)," claiming 5 EFLOPS of mixed-precision computing power.

Entity: Meta

Country: USA

Impact: Powerful computing is the foundation of AI development. The RSC supercomputer reflects the huge investment by private institutions in AI infrastructure, providing key support for the R&D of subsequent large models.

Event: DeepMind launches AlphaCode, a competition-level code generation AI.

Entity: DeepMind (Google)

Country: USA

Impact: AlphaCode outperformed 46% of human competitors in programming contests, showcasing AI's potential in complex logic and creative programming tasks. The research was featured on the cover of "Science."

Event: OpenAI releases the text-to-image generation model DALL-E 2.

Entity: OpenAI

Country: USA

Impact: DALL-E 2 could generate more realistic, higher-resolution images from text descriptions, greatly boosting the popularity and attention of AIGC and heralding a new era of text-to-image generation.

Event: DeepMind releases Gato, a "generalist agent."

Entity: DeepMind (Google)

Country: USA

Impact: Gato is a general-purpose agent that can perform a wide variety of tasks like chatting, playing games, and controlling robots, representing a significant step in AI's exploration towards more general and flexible intelligence.

Event: Alibaba DAMO Academy open-sources a new federated learning framework, FederatedScope.

Entity: Alibaba

Country: China

Impact: The framework supports large-scale, efficient asynchronous training for federated learning and is compatible with different device environments, aiming to balance data privacy protection with AI model training.

Event: Baidu releases its 6th generation mass-produced autonomous vehicle, the Apollo RT6, with costs reduced to 250,000 RMB.

Entity: Baidu

Country: China

Impact: The significant cost reduction of autonomous vehicles laid the foundation for their large-scale deployment and operation, marking a new stage in the commercialization of L4 autonomous driving technology.

Event: Meta AI releases ESMFold, a protein structure prediction model.

Entity: Meta

Country: USA

Impact: ESMFold enables high-accuracy, end-to-end, atomic-level structure prediction with greatly accelerated inference speed, another major breakthrough for "AI for Science" in the life sciences.

Event: The 2022 World Artificial Intelligence Conference is held in Shanghai with the theme "Intelligent World, Unbounded Metaverse."

Entity: Multiple organizations

Country: China

Impact: The conference focused on core metaverse technologies, released several major achievements and application scenarios, and showcased the rapid development of China's AI industry.

Event: The "Shenzhen Special Economic Zone Regulations on Promoting the Artificial Intelligence Industry" are officially announced.

Entity: Shenzhen Municipal People's Congress Standing Committee

Country: China

Impact: This was China's first special legislation for the AI industry, defining the concept and industrial boundaries of AI for the first time and providing legal guarantees for AI industry development.

Event: Meta AI releases Make-A-Video, a text-to-video generation model.

Entity: Meta

Country: USA

Impact: It achieved direct generation of short videos from text descriptions, pushing AIGC from static image generation to the dynamic video generation domain.

Event: The "Shanghai Regulations on Promoting the Development of the Artificial Intelligence Industry" are passed.

Entity: Shanghai Municipal People's Congress Standing Committee

Country: China

Impact: This was Shanghai's first provincial-level local regulation on AI, focusing on the three basic elements of computing power, algorithms, and data to support the AI industry.

Event: DeepMind introduces AlphaTensor, used to discover more efficient matrix multiplication algorithms.

Entity: DeepMind (Google)

Country: USA

Impact: It improved upon the best-known matrix multiplication methods, enhancing computational speed. The achievement was featured on the cover of "Nature," showcasing AI's potential in optimizing fundamental mathematical algorithms.

Event: NVIDIA releases Magic3D, a tool for generating 3D content from text descriptions.

Entity: NVIDIA

Country: USA

Impact: It provided a new approach for creating high-quality 3D models from text prompts, advancing the application of AIGC in the 3D content creation field.

Event: OpenAI officially releases the chatbot program ChatGPT.

Entity: OpenAI

Country: USA

Impact: ChatGPT quickly went viral worldwide for its powerful conversational abilities and wide range of task-handling capabilities, reaching over a million users in 5 days. It is considered the "iPhone moment" in AI history.

Event: OpenAI releases Point-E, a model that generates 3D point clouds from text descriptions.

Entity: OpenAI

Country: USA

Impact: Compared to traditional methods, it significantly reduced the computational requirements and time cost for 3D content generation (1 minute on a single GPU), making text-to-3D technology more accessible.

Event: Microsoft announces a multi-year, multi-billion dollar investment in OpenAI.

Entity: Microsoft, OpenAI

Country: USA

Impact: This massive investment solidified the Microsoft-OpenAI alliance, injected decisive momentum into the AI arms race, and directly drove the integration and development of subsequent products like Bing Chat.

Event: Microsoft launches the "new Bing" search engine and Edge browser, powered by ChatGPT and GPT technology.

Entity: Microsoft

Country: USA

Impact: Fired the first shot in the search engine war, marking the beginning of AI reshaping the core internet portal and forcing Google to respond hastily.

Event: Meta releases the LLaMA large language model (initially for research only).

Entity: Meta

Country: USA

Impact: Although not immediately released to the public, LLaMA's excellent performance and dissemination in the academic community laid the most important foundation for the subsequent explosion of the open-source AI community.

Event: OpenAI releases the multimodal large model GPT-4.

Entity: OpenAI

Country: USA

Impact: GPT-4 achieved a huge leap in reasoning ability, professional exams, and image understanding, quickly becoming the new industry benchmark.

Event: Baidu releases its generative AI product "ERNIE Bot."

Entity: Baidu

Country: China

Impact: This was the most direct response from a Chinese tech giant to ChatGPT, marking China's entry into a phase of large-scale application and competition in the generative AI field.

Event: Google officially opens access to its AI chatbot, Bard.

Entity: Google

Country: USA

Impact: Google officially joined the generative AI conversation race, but due to a demo error and a later release date than its rivals, it was in a catch-up position initially.

Event: NVIDIA launches the "L4" chip for AI video.

Entity: NVIDIA

Country: USA

Impact: Highlighted the expansion of AI computing needs from text and images to more complex modalities like video, further consolidating NVIDIA's leadership in the AI computing power field.

Event: Amazon announces its large language model Titan and its AI service platform Bedrock.

Entity: Amazon

Country: USA

Impact: Amazon officially entered the generative AI battlefield with a platform strategy, allowing businesses to access multiple foundation models through AWS, lowering the barrier to AI application.

Event: Google showcases its full AI strategy at the I/O conference, releasing the PaLM 2 large model and announcing its integration into Workspace and Search.

Entity: Google

Country: USA

Impact: Showcased Google's comprehensive AI technology reserves and ecosystem integration capabilities, marking its shift from "defense" to "full offense."

Event: Microsoft Build conference announces making ChatGPT capabilities a "plugin" standard, promoting deep integration of AI with the operating system.

Entity: Microsoft

Country: USA

Impact: Defined the prototype of the "app store" for the AI era, attempting to make Windows and Edge the core of the AI ecosystem and sparking a development boom in AI Agents.

Event: Apple quietly introduces machine learning framework improvements and AI-driven personalized services at WWDC, but avoids the "AI" buzzword.

Entity: Apple

Country: USA

Impact: Demonstrated Apple's "subtle and pervasive" AI strategy, deeply integrating AI into hardware and system experiences, in stark contrast to other high-profile companies.

Event: Meta releases the open-source large model Llama 2, allowing free commercial use.

Entity: Meta

Country: USA

Impact: Greatly promoted the prosperity of the open-source AI community and commercial applications, reducing the cost for enterprises to build their own AI capabilities and posing a strong challenge to closed-source models.

Event: China's Cyberspace Administration and six other departments jointly release the "Interim Measures for the Management of Generative Artificial Intelligence Services."

Entity: Chinese Government

Country: China

Impact: This was one of the world's first comprehensive regulations for generative AI, establishing a clear legal framework for the development of China's AI industry, emphasizing security and controllability.

Event: Several Chinese institutions jointly release the Chinese large model evaluation platform OpenCompass.

Entity: Shanghai Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, etc.

Country: China

Impact: Aimed to establish objective and fair evaluation standards for Chinese large models, promoting the Chinese AI industry's development from "release-heavy" to "quality-focused."

Event: OpenAI announces that ChatGPT now officially supports voice conversation and image recognition functions.

Entity: OpenAI

Country: USA

Impact: Evolved ChatGPT from a pure text tool into a true multimodal interaction portal, taking a key step towards a more natural "AI assistant for everyone."

Event: Amazon announces an investment of up to $4 billion in AI startup Anthropic.

Entity: Amazon, Anthropic

Country: USA

Impact: This was a direct response to the Microsoft-OpenAI alliance, marking the intensification of competition among cloud giants to vie for ecosystem dominance by investing in leading model companies.

Event: US President Biden signs an executive order on the safe, secure, and trustworthy development and use of artificial intelligence.

Entity: US Government

Country: USA

Impact: This was the most comprehensive action by the US government in AI regulation, setting national standards for AI development in terms of security, privacy, and fairness, with profound implications for global AI governance.

Event: OpenAI holds its first developer conference, releasing the more powerful and cost-effective GPT-4 Turbo model and launching the GPTs custom assistant store.

Entity: OpenAI

Country: USA

Impact: Established OpenAI's transformation from a product company to a platform company, sparking a UGC ecosystem by opening up custom GPT creation.

Event: OpenAI's board suddenly fires CEO Sam Altman, then reinstates him on November 21 under immense pressure from employees and investors.

Entity: OpenAI

Country: USA

Impact: This "boardroom drama" exposed the deep conflict within AI companies between commercialization speed and AI safety ethics, sparking widespread global discussion on AI corporate governance.

Event: China's ByteDance releases the "Doubao" large model and its series of applications.

Entity: ByteDance

Country: China

Impact: With its strong productization and user reach capabilities, ByteDance's entry further intensified competition in the domestic large model market in China, driving the rapid implementation of AI technology.

Event: Google releases its most powerful large language model to date, Gemini, claiming it surpasses human experts on multiple benchmarks.

Entity: Google

Country: USA

Impact: Gemini is Google's flagship product to rival GPT-4. Its native multimodal design represents a new direction in technological development, adding huge variables to the 2024 AI competition landscape.

Event: China's Tsinghua University and Zhipu AI release the new generation large model GLM-4.

Entity: Tsinghua University, Zhipu AI

Country: China

Impact: GLM-4 performed excellently in multiple Chinese and English capability evaluations, representing a significant advancement in basic model R&D by Chinese universities and AI companies.

Event: Microsoft launches Copilot Pro, officially pushing its AI assistant service into the personal consumer subscription market.

Entity: Microsoft

Country: USA

Impact: Marks the expansion of AI assistants from the enterprise market to a universal paid service, entering a new phase of commercialization for AI applications.

Event: Tsinghua University and Zhipu AI release the new generation large model GLM-4 and launch an AI agent creation feature rivaling GPTs.

Entity: Tsinghua University, Zhipu AI

Country: China

Impact: Represents China's large models keeping pace with the global frontier in capability and ecosystem building, kickstarting the Chinese AI agent ecosystem.

Event: Google launches Gemini 1.5, with its core breakthrough being a context window of up to 1 million tokens.

Entity: Google

Country: USA

Impact: The ultra-long context window allows the model to process entire books, hours of video, or huge codebases, greatly expanding the application boundaries of AI.

Event: Apple announces the termination of its electric car project, shifting some teams to its generative AI division.

Entity: Apple

Country: USA

Impact: This strategic shift clearly indicates that Apple now views AI as the absolute core of its future development and is determined to concentrate resources to compete with Microsoft and Google.

Event: French AI startup Mistral AI releases the open-source large model Mixtral 8x22B.

Entity: Mistral AI

Country: France

Impact: Further strengthened the open-source model camp, and its excellent performance demonstrated that Europe also possesses strong innovation capabilities in the AI field.

Event: The world's first feature film generated entirely by AI, "Our T2 Remake," is released.

Entity: Community Creators

Country: Global Collaboration

Impact: Showcased the rapid progress of AI video generation technology in coherence and consistency, sparking deep discussions about AI's role and copyright issues in the creative industries.

Event: The U.S. Federal Trade Commission launches an in-depth antitrust investigation into a major tech company's AI merger and acquisition case.

Entity: US Government

Country: USA

Impact: Marks the beginning of global regulatory agencies paying close attention to tech giants forming monopolies in the AI field through acquisitions, which could have a profound impact on the future competitive landscape of the AI industry.

Event: The UAE's Technology Innovation Institute releases the open-source large model Falcon 2.

Entity: Technology Innovation Institute

Country: UAE

Impact: Demonstrates the multi-polarization trend of AI R&D power globally, breaking the pattern dominated by China and the US.

Event: OpenAI releases the new model GPT-4o, a native multimodal model capable of real-time processing of text, audio, and visual information, and announces it will be free for all users.

Entity: OpenAI

Country: USA

Impact: Achieved a more natural human-computer interaction experience, closer to that in the movie "Her," while greatly expanding its user base through a free strategy, putting immense pressure on competitors.

Event: Microsoft releases the new Copilot+ PC category designed for AI PCs, with built-in NPUs and support for native AI functions like Recall.

Entity: Microsoft

Country: USA

Impact: Redefined the personal computer, extending AI from cloud software functions to terminal hardware, and opening a new chapter in the AI hardware race.

Event: Apple announces Apple Intelligence at WWDC and a partnership with OpenAI to integrate ChatGPT into iOS 18 and other systems.

Entity: Apple

Country: USA

Impact: Apple officially joins the generative AI battle with platform-level deep integration. Its "privacy + local + cloud" hybrid architecture and ecosystem integration capabilities may reshape the mobile AI experience standard.

Event: China's Moonshot AI announces its Kimi intelligent assistant supports a 2 million-character ultra-long lossless context.

Entity: Moonshot AI (Kimi)

Country: China

Impact: Set a world-leading benchmark in the field of long-text processing, meeting the urgent needs of Chinese users for processing long documents and in-depth data analysis, triggering a "long-text race" among domestic models.

Event: China's National Standardization Administration, along with multiple departments, releases the first batch of key standards such as the "Guidelines for the Safe Application of Artificial Intelligence Technology."

Entity: Chinese Government

Country: China

Impact: Provided specific technical specifications and standards for the development and application of AI technology, marking China's AI regulation's entry into a phase of refined management from framework legislation.

Event: Stability AI releases Stable Video 3D, achieving a major breakthrough in the quality of 3D model generation.

Entity: Stability AI

Country: UK

Impact: Significantly lowered the barrier to 3D content creation, with disruptive potential for fields such as gaming, film and television, virtual reality, and e-commerce.

Event: Google DeepMind introduces AlphaFold 3, capable of accurately predicting the interactions of proteins, DNA, RNA, and their ligands.

Entity: Google

Country: USA

Impact: Pushed AI applications in the life sciences to new heights, providing an unprecedentedly powerful tool for drug discovery and disease mechanism research.

Event: Amazon announces its proprietary inference chips Trainium2 and Inferentia3 at the re:Invent conference, and announces the full landing of Anthropic's Claude model on Bedrock.

Entity: Amazon

Country: USA

Impact: Showcased Amazon's huge investment and strength in full-stack AI capabilities (from chips, models to cloud platforms), intensifying competition at the cloud computing infrastructure level.

Event: China's iFlytek releases Spark Model V4.0, announcing it rivals GPT-4 Turbo in Chinese understanding, mathematics, and code capabilities.

Entity: iFlytek

Country: China

Impact: Reflects the continuous catch-up of Chinese large models with top international levels and has formed differentiated advantages in specific fields (such as education).

Event: OpenAI releases the "Stories" feature, showcasing an early prototype of its AI agent with high-level logic and planning capabilities.

Entity: OpenAI

Country: USA

Impact: Foreshadows the development direction of AI from a passive Q&A tool to an intelligent agent capable of actively planning and executing complex tasks, a key step towards artificial general intelligence.

Event: The world's first international treaty framework on artificial intelligence gains principled agreement from over 100 countries at the UN General Assembly.

Entity: United Nations

Country: International

Impact: This is a milestone in the history of global AI governance, establishing a preliminary international legal basis for cooperation among countries on AI safety, ethics, and standards.

Event: Meta releases the Llama 3 series of models, achieving significant improvements in reasoning and code capabilities, and continues to adhere to the open-source route.

Entity: Meta

Country: USA

Impact: Consolidated the indispensable position of open-source models in the AI ecosystem, providing global developers and SMEs with powerful tools comparable to closed-source models.

Event: OpenAI reaches a large-scale copyright cooperation agreement with major news publishing groups, authorizing the use of their news content for model training.

Entity: OpenAI, Multiple media groups

Country: USA

Impact: Opened a legal and compliant path for AI companies to obtain high-quality training data, while providing a new source of income for the struggling news industry, but also sparked controversy over content pricing and author rights.

Event: China's Cyberspace Administration and six other departments jointly release the "Generative Artificial Intelligence Data Security White Paper."

Entity: Chinese Government

Country: China

Impact: Further detailed and guided how enterprises can ensure data security in the process of developing AI, promoting the healthy and orderly development of the industry.

Event: Chinese AI company DeepSeek's app tops the free app charts in both the US and China Apple App Stores simultaneously.

Entity: DeepSeek

Country: China

Impact: DeepSeek achieved performance comparable to top models at a very low training cost. Its explosive popularity made the world realize the explosive potential of Chinese AI and triggered regulatory "panic" in several countries.

Event: OpenAI announces that its previously subscription-based ChatGPT o3-mini model will be free to all users.

Entity: OpenAI

Country: USA

Impact: This was a direct response to pressure from competitors like DeepSeek, aiming to expand its user base through a free strategy and consolidate its market position, exacerbating the trend of free general-purpose large models.

Event: French AI star company Mistral AI releases the mobile app for "the world's fastest AI super assistant," Le Chat.

Entity: Mistral AI

Country: France

Impact: With its extremely fast speed and free strategy, it quickly topped the French app store and received a public "endorsement" from French President Macron, demonstrating Europe's strong competitiveness in the AI field.

Event: The Global AI Action Summit is held in Paris, France, with representatives from about 100 countries attending.

Entity: Multiple governments

Country: France

Impact: The summit focused on global AI governance and cooperation. French President Macron announced an investment of nearly €109 billion to build a French version of "Stargate," showing Europe's determination not to be left behind.

Event: The World Bank Global Digital Summit is held, with the impact of AI on developing countries as a core topic.

Entity: World Bank

Country: International

Impact: Marks the systematic inclusion of AI into the global development agenda by mainstream international economic organizations, focusing on how AI can help narrow rather than widen the global digital divide.

Event: The first Global AI Africa Summit is held in Rwanda.

Entity: African Union, etc.

Country: Rwanda

Impact: The summit focused on how AI can create inclusive economic opportunities for Africa, reflecting another dimension of AI development globalization, where "Global South" countries actively seek to use AI for leapfrog development.

Event: OpenAI releases the GPT-4.1 series of models, achieving precise optimization in professional domain reasoning and complex instruction following.

Entity: OpenAI

Country: USA

Impact: This move was not about blindly increasing parameters but about deep refinement for enterprise-level and high-frequency user scenarios, marking a shift in large model development from "competing on scale" to "competing on precision and applicability."

Event: Microsoft Build developer conference opens, focusing on the development and application of AI agents.

Entity: Microsoft

Country: USA

Impact: Released a more powerful Agent development framework, promoting the transformation of AI from a passive response tool to a "digital employee" that can actively plan and execute complex tasks, defining a new paradigm for enterprise digitalization.

Event: Google I/O conference announces the full integration of its AI agents into core businesses such as search, email, and office suites.

Entity: Google

Country: USA

Impact: Indicates that Google is fully "agent-izing" its vast product matrix, aiming to regain its leading position at the AI application layer through deep integration.

Event: Anthropic releases the Claude 4 model, setting a new benchmark in logical reasoning and long-context understanding.

Entity: Anthropic

Country: USA

Impact: Further consolidated its image as a leader in "trustworthy AI," providing a top-tier choice for vertical industries with extremely high requirements for security and reliability, such as finance and law.

Event: The EU AI Act ends its transition period and officially comes into full effect.

Entity: European Union

Country: EU

Impact: This is the world's first comprehensive AI regulation, establishing a risk-based regulatory framework and providing a model for global AI governance. All AI companies operating in Europe must adapt to its strict provisions.

Event: Google releases Gemini 2.5 Pro, with significant improvements in code generation and multimodal reasoning capabilities.

Entity: Google

Country: USA

Impact: Consolidated Google's competitiveness in the multimodal large model field and provided enterprises and developers with more powerful model choices.

Event: The EU officially launches the "InvestAI" investment plan with a total amount of up to €200 billion.

Entity: European Union

Country: EU

Impact: This is an unprecedentedly large investment by Europe in the AI industry, aiming to build cutting-edge AI infrastructure and develop next-generation models, marking Europe's determination to join the global AI race with the full force of the continent.

Event: OpenAI officially releases the new generation video generation model Sora 2 and promotes its commercialization.

Entity: OpenAI

Country: USA

Impact: Sora 2 achieved significant progress in physics simulation, visual consistency, and generation length, capable of generating high-quality videos up to 60 seconds long. It is called the "GPT-3.5 moment" of video generation.

Event: OpenAI releases the "Apps in ChatGPT" feature and SDK at its annual developer conference.

Entity: OpenAI

Country: USA

Impact: Allows developers to build and distribute native applications within ChatGPT, upgrading it from a chat tool to a "super operating system" and challenging the traditional app store models of Apple and Google.

Event: Microsoft announces the deep integration of Copilot into Windows 11, introducing new features like Copilot Vision, Voice, and Actions.

Entity: Microsoft

Country: USA

Impact: Achieved deep understanding of screen content and support for voice-activated local task automation, evolving the operating system from a tool platform to an intelligent agent that can proactively perceive and serve.

Event: Revolutionary AI hardware technologies such as optical computing achieve key breakthroughs in laboratory environments.

Entity: Multiple research institutions and tech companies

Country: USA, China, etc.

Impact: Provided a new path to break through the bottlenecks of traditional electronic chips in computing power and energy consumption. Although not yet mass-produced, it points the way for AI computing power in the post-Moore's Law era.

Event: Baidu releases the ERNIE 5.0 large model, claiming to surpass the GPT-4 series in complex logical reasoning and creative tasks.

Entity: Baidu

Country: China

Impact: Represents the latest achievement of Chinese large models in continuously catching up with top international levels, and has formed differentiated advantages in Chinese understanding and specific industry applications.

Event: An international research team successfully completes a simulation of the formation of a ten-billion-star system using AI.

Entity: International research institutions

Country: International

Impact: Demonstrated the huge potential of AI in accelerating extremely complex scientific simulations, bringing revolutionary tools to fields requiring massive computation like astrophysics and climate science.